Eficacia del hierro intravenoso versus oral sobre la anemia ferropénica gestacional: Una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47464/MetroCiencia/vol34/2/2026/31-42Palabras clave:
Anemia ferropénica, Embarazo, Hierro, Administración Oral, Infusiones IntravenosasResumen
Introducción: La anemia ferropénica en el embarazo es una condición frecuente asociada a complicaciones maternas y perinatales. Aunque el hierro oral es tratamiento de primera línea, su eficacia puede verse limitada por problemas de tolerancia y adherencia, motivando el uso del hierro intravenoso como alternativa. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de síntesis cualitativa conforme a las recomendaciones PRISMA 2020. Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados que compararon la eficacia y seguridad del hierro intravenoso frente al hierro oral en mujeres embarazadas con anemia ferropénica. La búsqueda se efectuó en bases de datos electrónicas. La selección de estudios, extracción de datos y evaluación del riesgo de sesgo se realizaron de forma sistemática. Los resultados se sintetizaron mediante un enfoque narrativo. Desarrollo: El hierro intravenoso obtuvo mejores resultados para el incremento de hemoglobina y ferritina sérica especialmente, comparado con el hierro oral, sin diferencias consistentes en cuanto a desenlaces clínicos tanto maternos como neonatales, y un perfil de efectos adversos mayor para el hierro oral. Conclusión: El hierro intravenoso demostró mayor eficacia en el tratamiento de mujeres embarazadas con anemia por deficiencia de hierro en relación con parámetros hematológicos maternos. Se requieren más estudios cuyo enfoque abarque también los desenlaces clínicos maternos y neonatales.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Saverio Stiven Albán Velasco, Wilson Fernando Arce Verdugo, Noelya Isabela García Vargas, Evelyn Alexandra Gómez Aguirre, Juddy Tatiana Ilbay Llangarí
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
