Fluid therapy and electrolytes in pediatrics
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47464/MetroCiencia/vol28/4/2020/4-15Keywords:
Pediatrics, fluid therapy, electrolytes, dehydration, body surface, solutions, hypernatremia, hyponatremiaAbstract
The administration of parenteral fluids and electrolytes is a fundamental support therapy in acutely ill children if the oral route does not allow the administration of the required amount or composition of fluids, for example in gastrointestinal, respiratory, neurological, or transoperative diseases. When planning the administration of parenteral fluids and electrolytes in children from one month of age onwards, components related to the amount of fluids to be infused should be considered, taking into account the requirements secondary to habitual water loss or requirements for metabolic reactions, evaluating the degree of dehydration for the administration of fluids to supplement the deficit, correcting the losses that have occurred secondary to an external noxa (illness, surgical procedure, trauma, etc.) and finally providing the adequate amount of fluid to allow re-establishment of tissue perfusion. It is necessary to know the changes established based on current evidence in order to incorporate to the frequent management of patients, also considering the toxicity, either qualitative or quantitative, of this therapy, so necessary in the management of the pediatric patient.
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